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BAKED CATFISH (Traditional cuisine)

 

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Heheheh....BAKED CATFISH (Traditional cuisine)

SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM VITAMIN D

Vitamin D deficiency is common in the elderly, especially in the housebound and in geriatric patients. The establishment of strict diagnostic criteria is hampered by differences in assay methods for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The synthesis of vitamin D3 in the skin under influence of UV light decreases with aging due to insufficient sunlight exposure, and a decreased functional capacity of the skin. The diet contains a minor part of the vitamin D requirement. Vitamin D deficiency in the elderly is less common in the United States than elsewhere due to the fortification of milk and use of supplements. Deficiency in vitamin D causes secondary hyperparathyroidism, high bone turnover, bone loss, mineralization defects, and hip and other fractures. Less certain consequences include myopathy and falls. A diet low in calcium may cause an increased turnover of vitamin D metabolites and thereby aggravate vitamin D deficiency. Prevention is feasible by UV light exposure, food fortification, and supplements. Vitamin D3 supplementation causes a decrease of the serum PTH concentration, a decrease of bone turnover, and an increase of bone mineral density. Vitamin D3 and calcium may decrease the incidence of hip and other peripheral fractures in nursing home residents. Vitamin D3 is recommended in housebound elderly, and it may be cost-effective in hip fracture prevention in selected risk groups.

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment
The parathyroid glands help control calcium use and removal by the body. They do this by producing parathyroid hormone, or PTH. PTH helps control calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels within the blood and bone.
When calcium levels are too low, the body responds by increasing production of parathyroid hormone. This increase in parathyroid hormone causes more calcium to be taken from the bone and more calcium to be reabsorbed by the intestines and kidney.
Medical conditions that cause low blood calcium levels or interfere with the body's ability to break down and remove phosphate can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Too much phosphate causes changes in calcium levels.
Kidney failure is a common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney failure can interfere with the body's ability to remove phosphate.
Other causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism may include:
Calcium deficiency
Not enough calcium in the diet
Too much calcium loss in the urine
Conditions that make it hard for the body to breakdown phosphate, including:
Aluminum poisoning
Certain types of cancer
Kidney disease
Malnutrition
Malabsorption
Vitamin D disorders (often seen in children with malnutrition and older adults who do not get enough sunlight):
Problems absorbing vitamin D into the body (malabsorption)
Problems breaking down vitamin D (due to the use of certain drugs)
Rickets
Too little vitamin D (deficiency)

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment

Treatment
Correcting the calcium level and the underlying problem can bring the PTH levels back to normal.
Treatment may involve:
A special form of vitamin D (requires a doctor's prescription) if you have low vitamin D levels
Surgery for cancer
Patients with chronic kidney failure are usually given calcium and vitamin D, and are told to avoid phosphate in their diet. Dialysis, a kidney transplant, or parathyroid surgery may be needed.

What are the causes of anemia

The three main causes of anemia are:

Blood loss
Lack of red blood cell production
High rates of red blood cell destruction
Some people have anemia due to more than one of these factors.

Blood Loss

Blood loss is the most common cause of anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia. Blood loss can be short term or persist over time.

Heavy menstrual periods or bleeding in the digestive or urinary tract can cause blood loss. Surgery, trauma, or cancer also can cause blood loss.

If a lot of blood is lost, the body may lose enough red blood cells to cause anemia.

Lack of Red Blood Cell Production

Both acquired and inherited conditions and factors can prevent your body from making enough red blood cells. "Acquired" means you aren't born with the condition, but you develop it. "Inherited" means your parents passed the gene for the condition on to you.

Examples of acquired conditions and factors that can prevent your body from making enough red blood cells include diet, hormones, some chronic (ongoing) diseases, and pregnancy.

Aplastic anemia also can prevent your body from making enough red blood cells. This condition can be acquired or inherited.

Diet

A diet that lacks iron, folic acid (folate), or vitamin B12 can prevent your body from making enough red blood cells. Your body also needs small amounts of vitamin C, riboflavin, and copper to make red blood cells.

Conditions that make it hard for your body to absorb nutrients also can prevent your body from making enough red blood cells.

Hormones

Your body needs the hormone erythropoietin (eh-rith-ro-POY-eh-tin) to make red blood cells. This hormone stimulates the bone marrow to make these cells. A low level of this hormone can lead to anemia.

Diseases and Disease Treatments

Chronic diseases, like kidney disease and cancer, can make it hard for your body to make enough red blood cells.

Some cancer treatments may damage the bone marrow or damage the red blood cells' ability to carry oxygen. If the bone marrow is damaged, it can't make red blood cells fast enough to replace the ones that died or were destroyed.

People who have HIV/AIDS may develop anemia due to infections or medicines used to treat their diseases.

Pregnancy

Anemia can occur during pregnancy due to low levels of iron and folic acid and changes in the blood.

During the first 6 months of pregnancy, the fluid portion of a woman's blood (the plasma) increases faster than the number of red blood cells. This dilutes the blood and can lead to anemia.

Aplastic Anemia

Some infants are born without the ability to make enough red blood cells. This condition is called aplastic anemia. Infants and children who have aplastic anemia often need blood transfusions to increase the number of red blood cells in their blood.

Acquired conditions or factors, such as certain medicines, toxins, and infectious diseases, also can cause aplastic anemia.

High Rates of Red Blood Cell Destruction

Both acquired and inherited conditions and factors can cause your body to destroy too many red blood cells.

One example of an acquired condition that can do this is an enlarged or diseased spleen. The spleen is an organ that removes wornout red blood cells from the body. If the spleen is enlarged or diseased, it may remove more red blood cells than normal, causing anemia.

Examples of inherited conditions that can cause your body to destroy too many red blood cells include sickle cell anemia, thalassemias, and lack of certain enzymes. These conditions create defects in the red blood cells that cause them to die faster than healthy red blood cells.

Hemolytic anemia is another example of a condition in which your body destroys too many red blood cells. Inherited conditions can cause this type of anemia. Acquired conditions or factors also can cause hemolytic anemia. Examples include immune disorders, infections, certain medicines, or reactions to blood transfusions

Low blood pressure symptoms treatment

What is low blood pressure?

Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. It constitutes one of the critically important signs of life or vital signs which include heart beat, breathing, and temperature. Blood pressure is generated by the heart pumping blood into the arteries modified by the response of the arteries to the flow of blood.

An individual's blood pressure is expressed as systolic/diastolic blood pressure, for example, 120/80.The systolic blood pressure (the top number) represents the pressure in the arteries as the muscle of the heart contracts and pumps blood into them. The diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) represents the pressure in the arteries as the muscle of the heart relaxes following its contraction. Blood pressure always is higher when the heart is pumping (squeezing) than when it is relaxing.

The range of systolic blood pressure for most healthy adults falls between 90 and 120 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Normal diastolic blood pressure ranges between 60 and 80 mm Hg. Current guidelines define normal blood pressure range as lower than 120/80. Blood pressures over 130/80 are considered high. High blood pressure increases the risk of developing:

heart disease,

kidney disease,

hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis),

eye damage, and

stroke.
Low blood pressure (hypotension) is pressure so low it causes symptoms or signs due to the low flow of blood through the arteries and veins. When the flow of blood is too low to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to vital organs such as the brain, heart, and kidney, the organs do not function normally and may be temporarily or permanently damaged.

Unlike high blood pressure, low blood pressure is defined primarily by signs and symptoms of low blood flow and not by a specific blood pressure number. Some individuals routinely may have blood pressures of 90/50 with no symptoms and therefore do not have low blood pressure. However, others who normally have higher blood pressures may develop symptoms of low blood pressure if their blood pressure drops to 100/60.

Low blood pressure hypotension diagnosis (Clinic Private)

Low Blood Pressure Overview

Low blood pressure is a difficult clinical finding for a healthcare provider to address. While high blood pressure is known as the "silent killer," because it is associated with few acute symptoms, hypotension (hypo=low + tension=pressure) may be normal for a patient if it is without symptoms, but can be of great importance if it is associated with abnormal body function. Sometimes low is good, a goal to be achieved in keeping blood pressure under control. Sometimes low is bad because there is not enough pressure to provide blood flow to the organs of the body.

Blood pressure readings have two parts and are expressed as a ratio:

"Normal" blood pressure, for example is 120/80 (120 over 80) and measures the pressure within the arteries of the body.

Systolic pressure, the upper number, measures the pressure within the arteries when the heart is contracting (systole) to pump blood to the body.

Diastole pressure, the lower number, measures resting pressures within the arteries, when the heart is at rest.
You can think of the heart and the blood vessels (arteries and veins) as a system to pump blood, just like the oil pump in your car. Oil is pumped through rigid tubes. Pressure remains relatively constant throughout the pumping cycle unless the pump fails or there is an oil leak. Then oil pressure will fall.

The body is similar, except that the tubes have pliable walls, meaning that the space within the arteries can get bigger or smaller. If the space gets bigger, there is effectively less fluid, and pressure falls. If the space gets smaller, pressure goes up. Arteries have layers of muscles within their walls that can contract and narrow the artery, making less space inside the vessels. Alternatively, the muscles can relax and dilate the artery, making more room. These muscles are under the control of the autonomic nervous system, the body's automatic system that makes adjustments for moment-to-moment changes in the relationship of the body to the world. The autonomic nervous system has two pathways that balance each other.

The sympathetic nervous system uses adrenaline (epinephrine) to cause the muscles to contract (sympathetic tone). The nerves that help with this control are located in the sympathetic trunk, which is a group of nerves that runs alongside the spinal column. The parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine to make muscles in the blood vessel walls relax via the vagus nerve. As an example, when you stand up, the blood vessels have to narrow just a little to cause a slight increase in blood pressure, so that blood can travel uphill to the brain. Without that change, you might feel lightheaded or pass out.

Normal blood pressure depends on many factors including age and body size.

Infants and children have lower normal readings than adults.

Smaller or petite patients may have lower normal blood pressure ranges.

Based upon American Heart Association guidelines, any reading greater than 120/80 is considered pre-hypertension or early high blood pressure.
For low blood pressure to be a problem there needs to be a symptom associated with that low number. Readings below 120/80 may be normal depending upon the clinical situation. Many people have systolic blood pressures below 100, but some people develop symptoms with pressures that low. Symptoms of low blood pressure occur because one or more of the body's organs is not getting enough blood supply.

High blood pressure natural treatment

Natural Remedies for High Blood Pressure

Lifestyle changes and natural remedies may help to control high blood pressure, but your doctor may also recommend medication to lower high blood pressure. It is important to work with your doctor, because untreated high blood pressure may damage organs in the body and increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, brain hemorrhage, kidney disease, and vision loss. See a drawing of a hypertensive heart.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

There is some evidence that the supplement CoQ10 may help to reduce high blood pressure.

A 12 week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 83 people with systolic hypertension examined the effect of CoQ10 supplements (60 mg twice daily). After the 12 weeks, there was a mean reduction in systolic blood pressure of 17.8 mm Hg in the Coq10-treated group.

Another study conducted at the University of Western Australia looked at the effect of CoQ10 on blood pressure and glycemic control in 74 people with type 2 diabetes. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 100mg CoQ10 twice daily, 200mg of the drug fenfibrate, both, or neither for 12 weeks.

CoQ10 significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure(mean reduction 6.1 mm Hg and 2.9 mm Hg respectively). There was also a reduction in HbA1C, a marker for long-term glycemic control.
To learn more about CoQ10, read the Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) fact sheet.

Garlic

In a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials of garlic supplements, three trials showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and four in diastolic blood pressure. Researchers concluded that garlic powder supplement may be of clinical use in patients with mild high blood pressure.

Garlic supplements should only be used under the supervision of a qualified health practitioner. Garlic can thin the blood (reduce the ability of blood to clot) similar to aspirin. Garlic may interact with many drugs and supplements such as the prescription "blood-thinners" drugs such as Coumadin (warfarin) or Trental (pentoxifylline), aspirin, vitamin E, gingko. It is usually recommended that people taking garlic stop in the weeks before and after any type of surgery.

To learn more about garlic, go to the articles about garlic.
Hawthorn

The herb hawthorn is often used by traditional herbal practitioners for high blood pressure.

In a randomized controlled trial conducted by researchers in Reading, UK, 79 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive either 1200 mg of hawthorn extract a day or placebo for 16 weeks. Medication for high blood pressure was used by 71% of the patients.

At the end of the 16 weeks, patients taking the hawthorn supplement had a significant reduction in mean diastolic blood pressure (2.6 mm Hg). No herb-drug interactions were reported.

Fish oil

Preliminary studies suggest that fish oil may have a modest effect on high blood pressure. Although fish oil supplements often contain both DHA (docohexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), there is some evidence that DHA is the ingredient that lowers high blood pressure. Learn more about fish oil.

Folic acid

Folate is a B vitamin necessary for formation of red blood cells. It may help to lower high blood pressure in some people, possibly by reducing elevated homocysteine levels.

One small study of 24 cigarette smokers found that four weeks of folic acid supplementation significantly lowered blood pressure. Learn more about folic acid.

Peri orbital edema

Periorbital Edema
Periorbital edema is the medical term for a condition that causes the eyes to become puffy as a result of the buildup of excess fluid around the periphery of the eye sockets (orbits). Periorbital edema is generally considered a cosmetic problem. When periorbital edema manifests, it will usually subside after disease or behavior subsides. There are many causes of periorbital edema as it could be a sign of many different imbalances and maladies.
Mononucleosis is a condition in which supra-orbital edema may occur. Supra-orbital edema describes the state of swelling surrounding the eye but beyond the boundaries of the eye socket. Mononucleosis is the commonly known as “mono.” It is commonly contracted from exchange of saliva from kissing or sharing a beverage. Along with fever and fatigue, periorbital edema is one of the more apparent signs of mononucleosis.
Excessive alcohol and tobacco use could trigger periorbital edema. The eyes begin to swell when the eyes become inundated with toxins from either alcohol or tobacco. When the liver cannot handle the toxic overload, it quarantines the toxins to pockets of flesh within the body. Most often, the swelling occurs at the feet and the ankles, away from the body’s vital organs. This is a sign that the patient has consumed unsafe levels of alchohol or tobacco. Another behavioral cause of periorbital edema is excessive dietary salt intake. Excess salt causes the generalized swelling as salt promotes the retention of water. General swelling from salt is especially common in persons that eat way too much pre-packaged food as salt is one of the most abundant preservatives in these foods. Crying can also cause periorbital edema as the concentration of salt in tears builds up after crying.
Periorbital edema manifests as a result of sleep deprivation. The eyes become irritaged as a result of sleep deprivation as well as the immune system becoming weakened. The body triggers the swelling response to keep pathogens from infective the periorbital cavities. Adequate sleep is a means of avoiding this unpleasant aesthetic appearance as well as the undeniable fact that ample sleep lends to better holistic health.
During pregnancy, women retain excess water in preparation for carrying a developing fetus. During menstruation, women also retain excess water in preparation for fluid loss from passing menses. Although periorbital edema is generally caused by this. It could be an indication that other behaviors or infections are occuring simultaneously, indicating that menstruation or pregnancy pushed the swell response over the edge.
Allergic reactions effect different parts of the body. The most common symptom as a result of an allergic reaction is some type of edema. Periorbital edema can occur as a result of allergic reaction.  Skin disorders such as dermatitis also cause periorbital edema.
One of the symptoms of trichinosis from the consumption of infected raw or undercooked pork is periorbital edema. Other symptoms include muscle pain and fever.  If these symptoms are felt in combination, it could indicate that the patient has a specific type of food poisoning and needs medical attention immediately.
Periorbital edema is a sign of Chaga’s disease. Pathologists describe the swelling as Romañia’s sign. Romañia’s sign is painless and unilateral, on one side. 

Periorbital edema causes

Causes of Periorbital oedema:
The following medical conditions are some of the possible causes of Periorbital oedema. There are likely to be other possible causes, so ask your doctor about your symptoms.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Dermatomyositis
Herniated fat
Hypothyroidism
Orbital or periorbital cellulitis
Nephrotic syndrome
Allergies
ENT tumour
Periorbital cellulitis
Allergy
Tumours
Renal failure
Congestive cardiac failure
Tick bite on scalp
Steroid use
Hypoalbuminemia
powered by RightHealthRead More On:
Periorbital
Oedema
Wheal
Pulmonary edema
Macular edema
Idiopathic edema
Diseases and disorders
DME
High altitude pulmonary edema

Causes of Periorbital oedema listed in Disease Database:

Other medical conditions listed in the Disease Database as possible causes of Periorbital oedema as a symptom include:
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Hibernian fever, familial
Melkersson-Rosenthal-Schuermann syndrome
Orbital cellulitis
Trichinella spiralis

Pregnancy swollen feet solutions

Pregnancy Symptoms & Solutions
Edema During Pregnancy (Swollen Ankles and Feet)
It's not so swell when it's your ankles and feet. What causes edema during pregnancy and what you can do about it.
Edema During Pregnancy — What It Is
The mild swelling that's so common during pregnancy and that, thanks to the laws of gravity, is particularly noticeable in the feet and ankles. It can vary by the hour (fatter feet in the evening) and by the weather (warmer temperatures forecast more swelling).
Edema During Pregnancy — What Causes It
During pregnancy, body fluids increase in order to nurture both you and your baby. As your body tissues accumulate and retain fluids, you may experience this oh-so-necessary increase as oh-so-annoying swelling (and particularly swollen ankles and feet.)
Edema During Pregnancy — What You Need to Know
Mild swelling and edema, although it's not comfortable or pretty to look at, is harmless and perfectly normal. It's also just as normal not to experience noticeable swelling (25 percent of pregnant women don't).
Edema During Pregnancy — What You Can Do About It
Avoid long periods of standing or sitting. If you're on your feet a lot, take breaks and have a seat. If you're on your butt a lot, take a five-minute stroll at least once an hour, and try to keep your legs elevated when you're back in your chair.
Wear comfy shoes while you're out (those sexy slingbacks don't fit now, anyway), and once you get home, switch to a pair of soft slippers.
Avoid tight elastic-top socks or stockings. Your goal is to let blood and fluids flow as freely as possible.
Try support hose — opt for full pantyhose (with extra tummy room) or knee- or thigh-highs (a better choice if you're perpetually warm) that aren't tight on top. Whichever type of support hose you choose, put them on in the morning before the daily swelling starts so they can do their job more effectively.
Drink water during pregnancy, and drink early and often. It may seem illogical to try to flush out fluids with fluids, but drinking eight to ten glasses of water a day will help rid your system of excess sodium and other waste products, minimizing swelling.
If your hands and/or face become puffy, or if swelling persists for more than a day at a time (it doesn't improve overnight), call your practitioner. (Excessive edema can be a sign of preeclampsia, especially when accompanied by rapid weight gain, a rise in blood pressure, and protein in the urine.)

Swollen feet hands postpartum

I gave birth a couple of days ago, but my fingers and ankles are still swollen. Will the swelling go away?
The swelling will gradually disappear within a week as your body eliminates the excess fluid you retained during the last few months of your pregnancy. Your kidneys are responsible for most of the purging, which means you'll be urinating more than usual. Your pores also work overtime to shed the extra water, so you'll sweat more, too.
Is it ever serious?
Postpartum swelling is rarely serious and will go away on its own. However, if the swelling does not resolve within a week or if you have bad headaches or pain in your legs, call your healthcare provider as this may be a sign of high blood pressure. Also, call immediately if the swelling is in only one leg or ankle and is accompanied by severe pain; it could be a sign of deep vein thrombosis (a blood clot).

swelling pregnancy symptoms

When swelling is sudden or extreme, or found in not only the legs and feet, but face and hands, it can be something serious. You should report this type of swelling to your midwife or doctor immediately. You should also report swelling that does not go away after many hours of rest. If you're at a higher risk for complications that include swelling like preecclampsia your practitioner should have explained what you are looking for and when it needs to be reported.

Swelling, or edema, is a very common discomfort of pregnancy. It's estimated that about 75% of women will experience this excessive accumulation of fluid around the legs and ankles at some point during pregnancy. Here are some helpful hints on dealing with normal swelling in pregnancy:

Try rest. When the weather is warm, or you've been standing on your feet for awhile, or even just at the end of your day, you may notice that your feet feel tight, your shoes don't fit, or just a general puffiness. In general swelling is nothing to be alarmed about. Most women report that swelling subsides after a good night's rest, or several hours lying down.
What you take in counts. If you'd like to take a more active approach in treating edema, there are a couple of things you can do to help relieve the symptoms. The first, and probably one of the best and most important, is to drink a lot of water. While it doesn't seem like it makes sense to get rid of fluids by taking in more, the extra fluids will help flush out your system of waste products which may have increased swelling. You really need at least 8 eight ounce glasses of water a day. The best tip I have for accomplishing this is to fill up a container to carry around and empty it by the end of the day.
The truth about salt. While many people believe that swelling is caused by excessive amounts of salt in the diet, the opposite is also true. Limiting the amount of salt you take in can cause swelling as well. As with all things, moderation is the key to balance.
Try water or hydrotherapy. A new study out last fall suggests that even beyond the once told water immersion, water aerobics can help with swelling. Being in a pool of water helps the body shed the excess fluids through the kidneys, while supporting the pregnant uterus.
Here are some other basic tips to help reduce swelling and related discomforts:
Don't wear elastic topped socks or knee-hi pantyhose.
Wear comfortable shoes. Slip on types work best.
Put your feet up when possible.
If you stand at work, try to move around slightly or get a stool to prop a foot up.
Try support pantyhose.
When Swelling is Not Normal
Whenever you're concerned about your swelling or other medical questions, never hesitate to talk to your doctor or midwife.

Preventing Swelling In Breast

Preventing Swelling In Breast
Most of the women when before menstruation often feel pain or feel no change in her breast, such as
breast swelling, as well as in mothers who stop breastfeeding.
Do not worry about following any recipe to solve it.
Ingredients: 1 piece of potato

The fix:
Kukkus 1 piece of the potatoes, then puree. Then the potatoes are smeared around your breast. Do it when before going to sleep and stop use if your breasts are not swollen anymore.
If you do it with diligence Insha Allah you will get satisfactory results.
Good luck,